Cloning and its Impacts on Endangered Species
Intro
Cloning has a great potential to solve many issues that the world faces right now. If we were to fully decode the genome of an organism, we would be able to clone organs, or even the whole organism. The implication of this process in profound, and with future developments, there may be a lot more uses that we can only dream of now.
History
It is not clear when cloning actually started, but there was a series of events that happened in the past that led to the concept of cloning. The most significant developments were probably the understanding of the cell cycle and the realization that the genetic information of an organism is stored in the nucleus of a cell.
Present Situation
- John Gurdon of Oxford University cloned South African frogs from the nucleus of fully differentiated adult intestinal cells in 1962.
- F.E. Steward of Cornell University grew a complete carrot plant from a fully differentiated carrot root cell in 1964.
- Karl Illmensee cloned three mice in 1979
- The first mammalian cloning occurred in 1984 when Steen Willadsen cloned a sheep from embryonic cells.
- Steen Willadsen and Neal First, Randal Prather and Willard Eyestone cloned a cows from embryonic cells in separate events in 1986.
- Two sheep, Megan and Morag were cloned from cells extracted from differentiated embryos by Ian Wilmut and Keith Campbell in 1995.
- Dolly the sheep was cloned from adult cells, and Polly, a lamb, was cloned from skin cells by Ian Walmut and Keith Campbell in 1996.
- Two Rhesus monkeys cloned at the Oregan Regional Primate Research Center in 1997.
- President Clinton barred the use of federal funds for human cloning in 1997.
- Ryuzo Yanagimachi cloned fifty mice from adult cells using "The Honolulu Technique" in 1998.
- First endangered animal, Noah the bull gaur was cloned at the Advanced Cell Technology, Inc. It died from an infection in 2001.
- Dolly the sheep was put to sleep after suffering from lung cancer and arthritis in 2003.
Source: https://bsp.med.harvard.edu/?q=node/18
Future Considerations
Many ethical issues have been brought to light with increased developments in cloning. There will possibly be heated debates on what regulations should be put in place for plant, animal and human cloning. Manbe assess if there are any other possible use of cloning in the future.
Conclusion
Summarize the report, and maybe include suggestions on who cloning should be regulated by, what can be done and how these regulations might be enforced.
Hey Amanda, I think there is a clear structure as to what you would want to say. I think the present situation might want to add in more details like the companies and organisations involved in cloning. Also like what are the recent R and D to it. So that it won't sound like a summary of events. I think the possibilities in cloning is endless, so you might also consider true reason of cloning because there are many ways to replace a organ, like now with the idea of 3D human organ printing. You may wish to consider the likelihood of stem cell research also. haha well, I think you will do fine, just some pointers :)
ReplyDeleteHey Amanda, your report structure is pretty clear and concise. However, this is just an outline i believe you will be showcasing more content in your present situation apart from the examples you have listed down. You can consider bringing in present research and their purpose. You can add several factors such as social and economic impact in the future consideration and how technology has been an impact factor in achieving it. Hope my pointers have been useful for your review paper and good luck in completing it.
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